1 Kings 21:4

Authorized King James Version

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And Ahab came into his house heavy and displeased because of the word which Naboth the Jezreelite had spoken to him: for he had said, I will not give thee the inheritance of my fathers. And he laid him down upon his bed, and turned away his face, and would eat no bread.

Original Language Analysis

וַיָּבֹא֩ came H935
וַיָּבֹא֩ came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 1 of 29
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אַחְאָ֨ב And Ahab H256
אַחְאָ֨ב And Ahab
Strong's: H256
Word #: 2 of 29
achab, the name of a king of israel and of a prophet at babylon
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 29
near, with or among; often in general, to
בֵּית֜וֹ into his house H1004
בֵּית֜וֹ into his house
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 4 of 29
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
סַ֣ר heavy H5620
סַ֣ר heavy
Strong's: H5620
Word #: 5 of 29
peevish
וְזָעֵ֗ף and displeased H2198
וְזָעֵ֗ף and displeased
Strong's: H2198
Word #: 6 of 29
angry
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 7 of 29
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
הַדָּבָר֙ because of the word H1697
הַדָּבָר֙ because of the word
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 8 of 29
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 9 of 29
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
דִּבֶּ֣ר had spoken H1696
דִּבֶּ֣ר had spoken
Strong's: H1696
Word #: 10 of 29
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
אֵלָ֗יו H413
אֵלָ֗יו
Strong's: H413
Word #: 11 of 29
near, with or among; often in general, to
נָבוֹת֙ which Naboth H5022
נָבוֹת֙ which Naboth
Strong's: H5022
Word #: 12 of 29
naboth, an israelite
הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֔י the Jezreelite H3158
הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֔י the Jezreelite
Strong's: H3158
Word #: 13 of 29
a jizreelite or native of jizreel
וַיֹּ֕אמֶר to him for he had said H559
וַיֹּ֕אמֶר to him for he had said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 14 of 29
to say (used with great latitude)
לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 15 of 29
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
אֶתֵּ֥ן I will not give H5414
אֶתֵּ֥ן I will not give
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 16 of 29
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
לְךָ֖ H0
לְךָ֖
Strong's: H0
Word #: 17 of 29
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 18 of 29
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
נַֽחֲלַ֣ת thee the inheritance H5159
נַֽחֲלַ֣ת thee the inheritance
Strong's: H5159
Word #: 19 of 29
properly, something inherited, i.e., (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion
אֲבוֹתָ֑י of my fathers H1
אֲבוֹתָ֑י of my fathers
Strong's: H1
Word #: 20 of 29
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
וַיִּשְׁכַּב֙ And he laid him down H7901
וַיִּשְׁכַּב֙ And he laid him down
Strong's: H7901
Word #: 21 of 29
to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose)
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 22 of 29
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
מִטָּת֔וֹ upon his bed H4296
מִטָּת֔וֹ upon his bed
Strong's: H4296
Word #: 23 of 29
a bed (as extended) for sleeping or eating; by analogy, a sofa, litter or bier
וַיַּסֵּ֥ב and turned away H5437
וַיַּסֵּ֥ב and turned away
Strong's: H5437
Word #: 24 of 29
to revolve, surround, or border; used in various applications, literally and figuratively
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 25 of 29
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
פָּנָ֖יו his face H6440
פָּנָ֖יו his face
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 26 of 29
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
וְלֹא H3808
וְלֹא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 27 of 29
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
אָ֥כַל and would eat H398
אָ֥כַל and would eat
Strong's: H398
Word #: 28 of 29
to eat (literally or figuratively)
לָֽחֶם׃ no bread H3899
לָֽחֶם׃ no bread
Strong's: H3899
Word #: 29 of 29
food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)

Analysis & Commentary

And Ahab came into his house heavy and displeased because of the word which Naboth the Jezreelite had spoken to him: for he had said, I will not give thee the inheritance of my fathers. And he laid him down upon his bed, and turned away his face, and would eat no bread.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of naboth's vineyard, within the book's focus on prophetic ministry of Elijah confronting Baalism. The temple represents God's dwelling among His people and foreshadows Christ as Immanuel ('God with us').

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Elijah's ministry (c. 860-850 BCE) occurred during Ahab's reign, a time of intense spiritual crisis in Israel.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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